Impaired Driving

What Happens If You Violate Ignition Interlock Program Rules in Calgary?

Khalid Akram · January 28, 2026 ·

Key Takeaways

Ignition interlock violations can lead to licence suspension, program extensions, and serious legal trouble.
Some violations are accidental, but Alberta can still impose penalties depending on the situation.
Missed tests, failed breath samples, and tampering are common reasons people get flagged.
You may have options to respond, appeal, or correct issues especially if the device malfunctioned.
Getting legal guidance early can help protect your driving privileges.

Ignition Interlock Violation in Calgary

The Violation Gets Logged and Reported

The moment an ignition interlock device detects a problem, it usually doesn’t stay “between you and the machine.” Most violations are electronically recorded, and those records can be reviewed by both the service provider and provincial authorities. That means even if you manage to continue driving later, the incident may already be captured in the system.

Breath failures and missed tests are recorded

Ignition interlock devices don’t just track whether your vehicle starts. They also track your behaviour while you’re driving, including rolling retests (breath tests required after the vehicle is already running).

Common violations that get recorded include:

Breath test failures (when the device detects alcohol above the permitted limit)
Missed tests (when you don’t provide a breath sample in the required time window)
Refusals (when the system registers you didn’t comply with a requested test)
Startup failures followed by repeat failures
Missed rolling retests, often due to panic, confusion, or not noticing the prompt
Power disruptions or device interference that appear like tampering
Failing to attend servicing and calibrations on time (which is often treated as non-compliance)

Alberta authorities and the program provider may review data

After a violation is recorded, the information can be reviewed by:

The interlock program provider (the company managing the unit and the reports)
Alberta authorities responsible for monitoring program compliance

The provider may check the violation data to determine:

How often violations are happening
Whether your results show a possible pattern (for example, repeated missed tests)
Whether the device logs suggest tampering or intentional avoidance
Whether the vehicle was started repeatedly after a failure
Whether there were extended gaps between service visits

You may receive a warning notice or compliance review

1) A warning notice
A warning notice is often used when the violation is minor or appears to be a one-time issue. It’s essentially a signal that the system detected a problem and that you’re expected to correct your behaviour immediately.

2) A compliance review
A compliance review is more serious. It means Alberta authorities may evaluate whether you are continuing to meet the conditions of the program. This can happen when:

There are multiple violations
The device records suggest alcohol use
Missed tests are frequent
There are signs of interference, disconnects, or skipped servicing
The logs show repeated attempts to start the vehicle after a failed test

Possible Licence Suspension or New Restrictions

After an ignition interlock violation in Calgary, one of the most stressful outcomes is the risk of a temporary loss of driving privileges or the addition of new conditions on your licence. Even though the ignition interlock program is meant to help you stay legally on the road, Alberta treats compliance as non-negotiable.

Violate Ignition Interlock Program Rules in Calgary

You may lose driving privileges temporarily

A serious interlock violation can trigger consequences that prevent you from driving for a period of time. In some cases, you may be told you cannot legally drive until your compliance issue is addressed or reviewed.

This can happen if:

the device logs a breath test failure
there are missed tests or skipped rolling retests
the system flags behaviour that looks like tampering
there is a pattern of violations, not just a one-time mistake

Even when the suspension is temporary, it often creates immediate problems, such as:

not being able to commute to work in Calgary traffic-heavy areas
missing shifts if your job depends on driving
losing access to family responsibilities like childcare drop-offs
struggling to attend appointments across the city without reliable transit

You could face additional reinstatement steps

Even if you aren’t fully suspended, an ignition interlock violation can lead to additional steps before you are allowed to continue driving under the program. These added requirements can feel like you’re being pushed backward, even if you were close to completing your interlock period.

Depending on the situation, you may face things like:

a compliance review before you can continue driving
updated conditions on your licence that make monitoring stricter
extra documentation or follow-up requirements
added time in the ignition interlock program
stricter expectations around service appointments and device checks

Repeat violations often bring harsher consequences

A first violation may result in a warning or a review. But repeated violations usually lead to harsher consequences because Alberta may view repeated issues as a sign that you’re not complying with the purpose of the program.

Repeat violations may be treated more seriously when they involve:

multiple breath test failures over time
frequent missed or ignored rolling retests
repeated patterns of “lockouts” or start failures
ongoing servicing issues or device disconnects
violations that appear deliberate rather than accidental

With repeat violations, drivers may face:

longer driving restrictions
increased monitoring and fewer chances for leniency
a longer interlock requirement before you can move forward
a higher risk of suspension compared to someone with one isolated mistake

Your Ignition Interlock Requirement Can Be Extended

One violation can extend your time in the program

Even a single violation such as a failed breath test or a missed rolling retest can lead to an extension of your ignition interlock requirement. This is especially true if the violation is considered serious or suggests alcohol use while driving.

In practical terms, an extension means:

you remain on an interlock-restricted licence longer than expected
you continue to operate under tighter driving conditions
you delay your ability to return to a standard reinstated licence

Multiple violations can push completion farther away

If Alberta authorities see a pattern of repeated violations, the outcome can become more severe. Multiple violations are often viewed as ongoing non-compliance rather than a one-time mistake.

When violations stack up, you may experience:

longer extensions added to your interlock term
more difficulty proving you are ready to complete the program
greater scrutiny of your driving history and device reports
delays that feel like you are restarting progress instead of finishing

More costs for monthly fees, service, and monitoring

Monthly fees
Interlock programs involve ongoing monthly costs to keep the device active and compliant. The longer you stay in, the more you pay.

Service and monitoring
Regular servicing, calibration, and monitoring appointments are required to keep the device working properly and to ensure the data is recorded correctly. Extensions mean more visits, more time, and more ongoing costs.

Increased Costs and Insurance Problems

For many drivers, the cost of insurance becomes the biggest long-term burden. It’s not just the monthly interlock fee. It’s the ongoing price of staying insured while trying to get your life back on track.

High-risk insurance may increase again

If you’re already driving with ignition interlock in Alberta, there’s a strong chance you’ve been placed in a high-risk insurance category or you’re paying higher premiums than before your DUI situation started.

A violation can cause those rates to climb again, even if:

you were making progress
your premiums were starting to stabilize
you had maintained a clean driving record since entering the program

Insurance companies often look at your overall risk profile. An ignition interlock violation may lead them to assume there is a continuing issue, such as:

alcohol use before driving
inconsistent compliance
unsafe decision-making
a higher chance of future claims

Some insurers treat violations like a major red flag

From an insurer’s point of view, an ignition interlock violation is not a minor technical issue. Many companies treat it as a major red flag because it suggests you may not be fully following the conditions meant to prevent impaired driving.

Even if your violation happened for an innocent reason like missing a rolling retest, being confused by a prompt, or triggering a false reading some insurers may not take the time to look at the details.

Instead, they may treat the violation as:

a sign of ongoing risk
evidence that the driver may still be struggling with alcohol-related driving issues
a warning that another suspension or incident could happen

Premium spikes or cancellations can happen

Insurance companies have different internal policies, but once you’re flagged as higher risk, the consequences can be serious. After a violation, you may experience:

a sudden premium increase at renewal
an adjustment to your premium mid-term
restrictions on what coverage options are available
non-renewal by your insurer
in some cases, cancellation depending on your policy terms and risk history

Premium spikes can hit your budget hard. And cancellations can be even worse, because once you’ve been cancelled or non-renewed, it often becomes harder to find new coverage at an affordable rate.

This creates a cycle that many Calgary drivers find overwhelming:

Ignition interlock violation → insurance concern → higher costs → more stress → more difficulty staying compliant

Common Reasons People Violate Interlock Rules

Mouth Alcohol and False Positives

One of the most common reasons drivers fail a breath test without drinking alcohol is mouth alcohol. Mouth alcohol happens when alcohol is present in your mouth, but not actually in your bloodstream. Ignition interlock devices can detect that alcohol and treat it like a true fail.

Even if you feel sober and are not impaired, this can still cause a test failure, a lockout, or a recorded violation that leads to further consequences.

Mouthwash, cough syrup, or hand sanitizer exposure

Many everyday products contain alcohol and can trigger a false positive, including:

mouthwash and breath sprays
cold and flu medicines like cough syrup
alcohol-based hand sanitizer (especially if used right before testing in a closed vehicle)
certain energy drinks or kombucha-type beverages
perfumes, colognes, and aerosol sprays if used in the car

How long to wait before testing

If you’ve used any product that may contain alcohol, it’s smart to wait before blowing into the device.

A safe general approach is to:

wait at least 10 to 15 minutes after using mouthwash, cough syrup, or anything alcohol-based
avoid eating or drinking anything right before testing
avoid smoking or vaping immediately before testing (it can sometimes irritate your mouth and affect results)

The goal is to let any trace alcohol clear from your mouth so your breath sample reflects your real condition.

Rinse and retest strategies (if permitted)

If your device prompts you to retest or you get a warning/fail reading, one practical strategy is to stay calm and do a clean reset routine.

If permitted under your program rules, you may be able to:

rinse your mouth with water
wait a few minutes
try again with a fresh breath sample

Some drivers also find it helpful to keep:

a bottle of water in the vehicle
sugar-free gum (only if you have time to clear your mouth before testing)

Cold Weather Issues in Calgary

Battery problems and slow startups

A weak or struggling battery can cause interlock issues because the device relies on steady power. In cold Calgary weather, batteries often:

drain faster overnight
crank slower in the morning
struggle during repeated start attempts

If the battery voltage dips too low, the ignition interlock may behave unpredictably, which can lead to:

start failures
device resetting
error messages that look like non-compliance
delays that cause missed test windows

Device freezing or delayed response

Interlock devices can become sluggish or unresponsive in extreme cold. Common winter-related issues include:

the device screen lagging or responding slowly
the unit taking longer than normal to “warm up”
delayed prompts that appear at awkward times
longer wait times before the breath sample is accepted

Why you should plan extra time

During winter in Calgary, it’s smart to build in extra minutes before you drive, especially in the morning. Rushing is one of the biggest reasons accidental violations happen.

To reduce risk, plan for:

extra warm-up time for your vehicle
extra time for the interlock device to respond
a calm testing process instead of a rushed one

Missed Retests Due to Work, Traffic, or Stress

In Calgary, where traffic and commuting pressure are real, missed rolling retests are a common reason for violations even for sober drivers.

Rolling retests can happen unexpectedly

A rolling retest can happen when:

you’re in rush-hour traffic
you’re merging onto a busy roadway
you’re driving through construction zones
you’re approaching a turn or exit
you’re focused on winter road conditions

Tips to safely pull over and complete the retest

The safest way to handle a rolling retest is to treat it as a driving safety issue first, and a compliance issue second.

Practical tips include:

stay calm and keep both hands steady on the wheel
scan for a safe place to pull over if needed
avoid trying to blow while making a lane change or turning
if you can safely do so, complete the test while maintaining full control of the vehicle
don’t slam the brakes or stop somewhere unsafe just to blow quickly

Why ignoring it can trigger a violation

Some drivers ignore a rolling retest because they assume it’s optional or they think they can do it later. Unfortunately, rolling retests are usually not flexible.

If you ignore the prompt, the device may record:

a missed test
non-compliance
a violation event that triggers consequences

Even if you were sober, the system may treat the missed retest as a serious breach because it cannot confirm compliance.

How Long Will a DUI Stay on Your Record in Alberta?

Khalid Akram · January 26, 2026 ·

Key Takeaways

A DUI can stay on your criminal record for years and may affect employment, travel, and insurance.
Alberta drivers may face impacts on their driving record, insurance history, and criminal record separately.
Even after penalties end, a DUI can still show up in background checks unless it’s addressed legally.
Options like a record suspension (pardon) may help reduce long-term impact (if eligible).
Speaking with a Calgary criminal defence lawyer early can improve outcomes.

How Long a DUI Stays on Your Criminal Record

A criminal record is a record of criminal convictions under Canada’s Criminal Code. DUI offences (including impaired driving and over 80) are criminal offences, so if you are convicted, it becomes part of your criminal history.

What a criminal record is and why it matters

A criminal record matters because it can affect major parts of your life long after your court matter is finished, including:

Employment background checks (especially jobs involving security, government contracts, or finance)
Cross-border travel, especially into the United States
Housing applications and certain professional licensing requirements
Volunteer roles involving youth, seniors, or vulnerable people

Even if you feel like you “served your penalty,” the record can still create problems when someone runs a standard criminal check.

How long it stays without a record suspension

In most cases, a DUI conviction stays on your criminal record indefinitely, unless you successfully apply for a record suspension (formerly called a pardon).

It’s also important to understand that employers and organizations may ask questions like:

“Have you ever been convicted of a criminal offence?”
“Do you have a criminal record?”

For many people, the word “ever” is the part that causes issues, because it means the record is not just temporary.

How Long a DUI Stays on Your Alberta Driving Record

Your Alberta driving record is separate from your criminal record. Even though a DUI is a criminal offence, Alberta also tracks the incident and related consequences through your provincial driving history.

This driving record is tied to your licence, your ability to drive legally, and how Alberta Transportation documents your history.

Explain this is separate from a criminal record

This is where many Calgary drivers get surprised.

You can have:

a criminal court process and outcome (criminal record side), and
a provincial driving consequence (licensing side)

These are related, but they are not the same record, and one can still affect you even when the other feels “done.”

For example, someone may finish their court conditions, but still deal with driving-related consequences such as reinstatement requirements, mandatory programs, and ongoing monitoring.

What it affects

Your Alberta driving record can affect several practical, everyday situations, including:

Demerits / licensing consequences
DUI-related matters can trigger serious outcomes such as:

licence suspensions
reinstatement conditions
mandatory education or monitoring requirements
restrictions on what and how you can drive (depending on your situation)

Even when the suspension period ends, you may still need to meet conditions before your full driving privileges are restored.

Future traffic stops
If you are pulled over in Calgary, your driving history can influence how the interaction unfolds.

For example, a prior impaired driving history can lead to:

additional questioning
more cautious policing decisions
quicker escalation to formal roadside testing (depending on what the officer observes)

This does not mean you will be “automatically guilty” in a new stop, but your previous history can still shape how closely the situation is examined.

Potential driving restrictions
Even after you’re back on the road, a DUI history may lead to restrictions such as:

strict conditions for licence reinstatement
longer monitoring or compliance expectations
policies requiring proof of eligibility before driving for work

How Long a DUI Stays on Your Insurance Record

Your insurance record is not controlled by the courts. It’s based on how insurance companies assess risk. In Alberta, insurers typically look back several years when reviewing a driver’s history, and a DUI is usually treated as one of the most serious risk factors.

Why insurers look back several years

Insurance companies do not just consider what happened last month. They often review:

your prior claims history
tickets and serious driving events
cancellations or lapses in coverage
major convictions like impaired driving

A DUI is seen as a strong indicator of future risk, which is why insurers can keep it relevant in underwriting decisions for a long period.

What happens after a DUI

After a DUI, insurance consequences are often immediate and expensive.

Increased premiums
Most drivers see a major jump in their premiums. This can be financially draining, especially in a city like Calgary where many people rely on a vehicle daily for commuting and family responsibilities.

The cost increase isn’t always small. In many cases, drivers feel the impact for several renewal cycles.

Being labelled “high-risk”
Many insurers classify drivers with a DUI as high-risk.

That label can lead to:

fewer companies willing to insure you
higher monthly payments
stricter policy terms
higher deductibles

In some cases, drivers may have to use high-risk insurance markets until they rebuild their profile over time.

Policy cancellations or non-renewals
A DUI can also lead to serious coverage problems like:

your policy being cancelled
your insurer refusing to renew at the next term
being forced to shop around quickly to avoid a coverage gap

A gap in insurance coverage can create even more issues because insurers may treat a lapse as another risk factor, which can drive premiums even higher.

Can You Remove a DUI From Your Record?

In Alberta, you generally can’t “delete” a DUI conviction the way you might erase a mistake from a file. But in many cases, you can take steps to limit how it shows up through a process called a record suspension(previously called a pardon).

What a Record Suspension (Pardon) Is

A record suspension is a formal process through the federal government that, when approved, separates your criminal record from the active criminal record database.

In simple terms, it can help stop your DUI conviction from showing up in most standard criminal record checks.

A record suspension does not mean:

the DUI never happened
the court decision is reversed
you were found “not guilty”
the conviction is wiped from history

General Eligibility Idea

Record suspensions are not automatic. You have to qualify and apply.

While each case can be different, eligibility usually depends on three general ideas:

Waiting period after sentence completion

You typically must complete your entire sentence first. That includes everything, such as:

fines and surcharges
probation
driving prohibitions ordered by the court
any court-ordered programs

The waiting period generally starts after your sentence is fully completed, not just after your court date.

Good behaviour

A record suspension is meant for people who have shown they’ve moved forward responsibly.

That usually means:

no new criminal offences
consistent law-abiding behaviour
stability in work and personal life
showing you are not a continuing public safety risk

What It Can Help With

For many Calgary residents, the biggest benefit is employment flexibility.

A record suspension can help with:

Most background checks

Once a record suspension is granted, it can stop the DUI conviction from appearing in most standard criminal background checks.

This can be especially helpful when you’re applying for:

new jobs
promotions
workplace site clearance requirements
professional licensing or registration processes
volunteer roles that require a criminal record check

What It Doesn’t Instantly Fix

A record suspension can be a major step forward, but it’s not a magic reset button. There are a few areas where it may not immediately solve the problem.

Insurance pricing history

Insurance companies don’t only rely on criminal record checks. They use their own underwriting rules, risk models, and driving history databases.

So even if you receive a record suspension, you may still deal with:

higher premiums for a period of time
being placed in a high-risk category
limited insurer options
strict policy conditions

Border travel issues in every case

Many Calgary drivers want a record suspension for one main reason: travel—especially to the U.S.

A record suspension can help in some situations, but it does not guarantee smooth travel in every case because:

border officers have discretion
the U.S. has its own entry rules
the details of your offence and travel history matter
entry decisions can change over time

So while a record suspension may improve your situation, it is not a guaranteed travel solution.

Alcohol vs. Drug DUI: Dual Impairment Cases

Khalid Akram · October 3, 2025 ·

Understanding Dual Impairment DUI Charges in Calgary

In Calgary, dual impairment refers to situations where a driver is accused of being under the influence of both alcohol and drugs at the same time. Under section 320.14 of Canada’s Criminal Code, it is a criminal offence to operate a motor vehicle while impaired by alcohol, a drug, or a combination of both. These cases are particularly complex because prosecutors must prove that both substances contributed to the driver’s impairment.

How Calgary Police Investigate Dual Impairment Cases

The Calgary Police Service (CPS) follows a strict protocol when investigating suspected dual impairment cases. If an officer suspects alcohol consumption, they typically begin with a roadside Approved Screening Device (ASD) test. If drug impairment is also suspected, officers may involve a Drug Recognition Evaluator (DRE) or request a Standardized Field Sobriety Test (SFST).

When both alcohol and drugs are believed to be factors, the process can involve:

Breath tests at the station using an Intoxilyzer to confirm Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC).
Blood or urine samples to detect the presence of controlled substances such as cannabis, opioids, or prescription medication.
Expert testimony from toxicologists to show how the combination of substances may have affected driving ability.

Alcohol-Only vs. Drug-Only vs. Combined Impairment Charges

While alcohol-only DUIs are generally based on a BAC of 80 mg or more per 100 mL of blood, drug-only DUIs require proof that a substance was present above the legal limit (for example, THC over 2 ng/mL). In combined impairment cases, prosecutors don’t just rely on numeric thresholds—they must prove that the driver’s ability to operate a vehicle was impaired by the interaction of both substances. This often leads to more technical defences, as lawyers can challenge whether impairment was due to one substance or both.

Alberta’s Immediate Roadside Sanctions (IRS) in Dual Cases

Alberta’s Immediate Roadside Sanctions (IRS) Program applies to drivers suspected of alcohol or drug impairment, even before criminal charges are laid. In dual impairment cases, a driver may face:

Immediate licence suspension for 90 days.
Vehicle seizure for 30 days.
Mandatory participation in the Ignition Interlock Program if criminal charges are pursued.

Because IRS penalties take effect right away, Calgary defence lawyers typically act quickly to review disclosure, challenge the evidence, and request a review hearing if procedural errors occurred.

How Calgary Police Test for Alcohol and Drugs

When Calgary Police Service (CPS) officers suspect a driver is impaired by both alcohol and drugs, they use a multi-step process to collect reliable evidence that can stand up in court. Each stage is time-sensitive and must comply with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to ensure the evidence is admissible.

Roadside Approved Screening Devices (ASDs)

The first step in most investigations is the roadside Approved Screening Device (ASD). CPS officers use handheld breathalyzers to quickly determine whether a driver’s Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is above the legal threshold. A “fail” result on an ASD allows police to make a breath demand and transport the driver to a police station for a more accurate Intoxilyzer test.

Drug Recognition Evaluation (DRE) and SFST

If drugs are suspected in addition to alcohol, a Drug Recognition Evaluator (DRE) may be called in. DRE officers are specially trained to evaluate physical signs of drug impairment, including:

Pupil size and reaction to light
Blood pressure, pulse, and body temperature
Balance, coordination, and divided-attention tasks

In some cases, CPS will also administer Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFST), which include the horizontal gaze nystagmus test, walk-and-turn, and one-leg stand.

Blood Sample Collection Procedures

For dual impairment cases, blood samples are often the most critical piece of evidence. A qualified medical professional collects the sample under controlled conditions, following Canada’s strict evidentiary rules.

Timelines and Evidence Integrity

Under section 320.28 of the Criminal Code, police must follow strict timelines for evidence collection, including obtaining breath or blood samples within two hours of driving whenever possible. Failing to meet these deadlines, or breaking the chain of custody for samples, can give defence lawyers strong grounds to challenge the admissibility of the evidence in court.

Legal Penalties for Combined Alcohol and Drug Impairment

Being convicted of a dual impairment offence in Calgary carries serious legal, financial, and personal consequences. Because these cases involve both alcohol and drugs, courts often view them as more severe than single-substance DUIs, which can lead to harsher penalties.

Mandatory Minimum Fines and Licence Suspensions

Under section 320.19 of Canada’s Criminal Code, a first conviction for impaired driving carries a mandatory minimum fine of $1,000. In dual impairment cases, judges may impose higher fines to reflect the increased danger posed by combining substances. Drivers will also face an automatic one-year licence suspension and will typically be required to complete Alberta’s Ignition Interlock Program before regaining full driving privileges.

Additional Penalties for Dual Impairment

Because both alcohol and drugs contributed to the offence, the court may consider aggravating factors that justify stiffer penalties, such as:

Longer driving prohibitions (up to several years for repeat offenders)
Mandatory participation in rehabilitation programs addressing substance use
Higher fines or jail sentences, particularly if there was a collision, injury, or high BAC level

Effects on Alberta Driving Privileges and Insurance

Beyond the court-ordered suspension, Alberta’s Immediate Roadside Sanctions (IRS) program can impose administrative penalties immediately after the arrest, including:

A 90-day immediate licence suspension
A 30-day vehicle seizure
Mandatory education courses under the Planning Ahead or IMPACT programs

Insurance rates also increase dramatically following a DUI conviction. Some Calgary drivers find themselves placed in high-risk insurance pools, which can double or triple annual premiums.

Criminal Record and Long-Term Impact

A dual impairment conviction results in a criminal record, which can significantly affect a person’s future. This record may:

Restrict international travel, particularly to the United States, where a DUI is considered a serious offence
Limit employment opportunities, especially for jobs requiring driving, professional licensing, or security clearance
Create lasting stigma that can affect housing, volunteer work, and community standing

Role of Expert Evidence in Dual Impairment Cases

Expert evidence plays a critical role in defending dual impairment cases in Calgary because these charges involve the complex interaction of alcohol and drugs in the human body. A skilled defence lawyer often relies on toxicologists, medical specialists, and forensic experts to challenge the prosecution’s version of events and raise reasonable doubt.

Explaining How Substances Interact in the Body

Toxicology experts can explain to the court how alcohol and drugs interact pharmacologically and physiologically. For example, alcohol may amplify the sedative effects of cannabis or prescription medication, but in some cases, one substance may offset or mask the effects of the other.

Demonstrating Medical or Prescription Medication Effects

Some drivers may have legitimate prescriptions that affect their test results or cause side effects similar to impairment. Medical experts can provide context on:

The therapeutic levels of prescribed medications versus levels that indicate abuse
Conditions like diabetes, neurological disorders, or anxiety that can mimic impairment signs
Why certain medications may lead to false positives in urine or blood tests

This testimony helps show that the observed behaviour or test results were not necessarily caused by illegal impairment.

Highlighting Gaps in CPS Investigation or Lab Analysis

Expert witnesses can also scrutinize the Calgary Police Service’s investigation and laboratory procedures. They may point out:

Improperly calibrated equipment or expired testing kits
Chain of custody issues that raise doubt about sample integrity
Delays beyond the two-hour legal window that affect the reliability of blood alcohol and drug concentration results

When such weaknesses are exposed, a judge may exclude evidence under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, sometimes leading to a dismissal or reduction of charges.

What to Do If You’re Charged with Dual Impairment in Calgary

Khalid Akram, Calgary Criminal Defence Lawyer — Khalid Akram

Being charged with a dual impairment offence can be stressful and overwhelming, but taking the right steps early can make a significant difference in the outcome of your case.

Immediate Steps After the Charge

If you are stopped and charged, it is crucial to comply with police instructions to avoid additional charges such as obstruction. As soon as possible, you should:

Request full disclosure of the evidence, including ASD results, Intoxilyzer records, SFST notes, and lab reports.
Document everything you remember about the traffic stop, including timelines, officer behaviour, and any statements made.
Contact a Calgary impaired driving lawyer immediately to receive guidance before your first court appearance.

Acting Quickly to Preserve Evidence

Time is critical in dual impairment cases. Acting quickly allows your lawyer to:

File necessary Charter applications if your rights were violated.
Obtain surveillance footage or witness statements before they are lost.
Ensure that all testing equipment records and officer training certifications are preserved for review.

The sooner you involve legal counsel, the stronger your defence strategy can be.

Book a Consultation with a Calgary DUI Lawyer

If you have been charged with combined alcohol and drug impairment, do not wait. Book a consultation with an experienced Calgary DUI defence lawyer today to review your case, explore legal defences, and protect your driving privileges.

How Medical Conditions Affect Breath Test Accuracy

Khalid Akram · October 1, 2025 ·

Overview of Breath Testing in Calgary DUI Investigations

Breath testing is a key part of impaired driving investigations in Calgary, and understanding how it works is essential for building an effective legal defence. The Calgary Police Service (CPS) follows a strict, standardized process when conducting breath tests under the Criminal Code of Canada.

Roadside Approved Screening Devices (ASDs)

When a driver is stopped on suspicion of impaired driving, CPS officers typically begin by using an Approved Screening Device (ASD) at the roadside. These portable devices are designed to detect the presence of alcohol in a driver’s breath and determine whether further testing is necessary. If the ASD registers a “fail” result (usually corresponding to a Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of 0.08 or higher), the officer will place the driver under arrest and transport them to a CPS detachment for further testing.

Intoxilyzer Testing at CPS Stations

Once at the station, drivers are tested on a calibrated Intoxilyzer, which is a more sophisticated and legally recognized device for determining BAC. Officers must follow strict protocols, including ensuring two separate breath samples are taken within a prescribed interval. These results are used as primary evidence in court.

Legal Requirement to Test Within Two Hours

Canadian law imposes a two-hour rule: breath samples must generally be taken within two hours of the time the driver was last operating the vehicle.

Alberta’s Immediate Roadside Sanctions (IRS)

In Alberta, the Immediate Roadside Sanctions (IRS) Program allows CPS officers to impose administrative penalties based on breath test results — even before a criminal charge is laid. Penalties can include immediate licence suspensions, vehicle seizures, and mandatory education

First-Time DUI Offenses in Calgary: What to Expect

Medical Conditions That Can Affect Breath Test Results

Certain medical conditions can interfere with the accuracy of breath test results, leading to potentially misleading BAC readings. In Calgary DUI cases, understanding these factors can be critical for building a strong legal defence.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Acid Reflux

Individuals with GERD or chronic acid reflux may experience mouth alcohol contamination during a breath test. Alcohol vapours from the stomach can rise into the mouth and throat, artificially inflating the BAC reading on an ASD or Intoxilyzer. Calgary defence lawyers often raise this issue when cross-examining officers or presenting medical evidence in court.

Diabetes and Ketoacidosis

People living with diabetes can develop a condition called ketoacidosis, which causes the body to produce acetone. Some breath testing devices can mistake acetone for ethanol, resulting in a false positive or exaggerated BAC reading. Defence lawyers in Calgary may request medical records and expert toxicology reports to challenge these results.

Respiratory Conditions (COPD, Asthma)

Conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma can make it difficult to provide a proper breath sample. This may lead to “insufficient sample” warnings or erratic readings. Lawyers may argue that these issues compromise the reliability of the test and should be taken into account by the court.

Recent Surgeries or Medical Devices

Certain medical interventions — such as tracheostomy tubes or recent throat surgeries — can affect how a person exhales during a breath test. If a Calgary driver has undergone surgery or uses medical devices that alter their airflow, their lawyer can present this evidence to question the validity of the test results.

Medications and Alcohol-Based Products

Many over-the-counter medications, cough syrups, and even alcohol-based mouthwash can leave short-term traces of alcohol in the mouth. These substances can produce false positive results if a breath test is taken soon after use. In Calgary, experienced DUI defence lawyers may subpoena pharmacy or medical records to show that a client’s positive test was not due to alcohol consumption.

How These Conditions Lead to False Positives

Medical conditions can create false positives or artificially high BAC readings, which is why courts in Calgary carefully scrutinize breath test evidence. Understanding the science behind these errors helps build stronger legal arguments.

Mouth Alcohol Interference

When alcohol vapours linger in the mouth or throat — whether from GERD, acid reflux, or recent use of alcohol-containing products — they can contaminate the breath sample. Breath testing devices like the Intoxilyzer 8000C, used by the Calgary Police Service, assume that the air being measured comes from deep in the lungs (alveolar air). If mouth alcohol is present, the device may register a much higher BAC than what is truly in the bloodstream.

Case Examples of Inaccurate Results

Canadian case law has recognized that medical issues can lead to unreliable breath test readings. For example, there have been cases where defendants with chronic acid reflux or poorly managed diabetes successfully challenged their results, leading to acquittals. These examples highlight the importance of presenting medical documentation and expert testimony in Calgary courts.

Artificially High Readings Without Significant Alcohol Intake

Conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis produce acetone in the body, which can be misinterpreted by certain devices as ethanol. Similarly, individuals with respiratory conditions may have difficulty providing a consistent, deep lung sample, resulting in erratic readings that overestimate BAC. Even those who used mouthwash or cough syrup shortly before being stopped could appear over the legal limit, despite minimal or no alcohol consumption.

Role of Expert Witnesses in Calgary DUI Cases

Expert witnesses play a crucial role in challenging breath test results in Calgary impaired driving cases. Their testimony helps judges understand the scientific and medical factors that may have led to false positives or inflated BAC readings.

Toxicologists and Medical Experts

Toxicologists are often called upon to explain how breath testing devices work and why certain conditions — like GERD, diabetes, or COPD — can interfere with their accuracy. Medical specialists may testify about a defendant’s specific health condition, offering insight into how it could have contributed to an unreliable reading on the Intoxilyzer 8000C used by the Calgary Police Service.

Showing the Link Between Condition and BAC Results

An effective defence involves more than simply stating that a client has a medical condition. Expert witnesses must clearly demonstrate how that condition affected the blood-to-breath alcohol ratio or caused mouth alcohol contamination. This scientific connection is often critical for persuading the court that the reading does not reflect the driver’s true level of impairment.

Using Credible, Peer-Reviewed Evidence

Calgary defence lawyers strengthen their arguments by presenting peer-reviewed research studies and widely accepted scientific literature. This ensures that the evidence is not just anecdotal but grounded in sound science. Credible expert testimony can lead to evidence being excluded, charges being reduced, or even complete acquittals.

Steps to Take If You Have a Medical Condition and Are Charged

Inform Your Calgary Impaired Driving Lawyer

Be upfront with your lawyer about all health conditions, including GERD, diabetes, asthma, or any recent surgeries. The sooner your lawyer is aware of these details, the faster they can consult medical experts and begin building a strategy to challenge unreliable test results.

Gather and Preserve Medical Documentation

Collect medical records, prescriptions, and notes from your doctor that confirm your diagnosis and treatment history. These documents can be used in court to support the argument that your BAC reading was not an accurate reflection of your level of impairment.

Request Disclosure and Preserve Evidence

Your lawyer can make formal disclosure requests to the Crown for breathalyzer calibration logs, maintenance records, and officer notes. Acting quickly ensures critical evidence is preserved before it becomes unavailable, strengthening the case for having the test results excluded if they were affected by your condition.

Take Immediate Legal Action

Delaying legal advice can put your licence, job, and future at risk. Booking a consultation with a Calgary DUI defence lawyer allows you to explore possible medical defences, understand the legal process, and start protecting your driving privileges right away.